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Mycobacterium bovis
''Mycobacterium bovis'', is a slow-growing (16- to 20-hour generation time), aerobic bacterium and the causative agent of tuberculosis in cattle (known as Bovine TB). Related to ''M. tuberculosis''—the bacterium which causes tuberculosis in humans—''M. bovis'' can also jump the species barrier and cause tuberculosis in humans and other mammals.
==Pathogenesis==
During the first half of the 20th century, ''M. bovis'' is estimated to have been responsible for more losses among farm animals than all other infectious diseases combined. Infection occurs if the bacterium is ingested.
''M. bovis'' is usually transmitted to humans by infected milk, although it can also spread via aerosol droplets. Actual infections in humans are nowadays rare in developed countries, mainly because pasteurisation kills most bacteria in infected milk; also, cattle are randomly tested for the disease and immediately culled if infected, but can still be used for human consumption. However, in areas of the developing world where pasteurisation is not routine, ''M. bovis'' is a relatively common cause of human tuberculosis.
Bovine TB is a chronic infectious disease which affects a broad range of mammalian hosts, including humans, cattle, deer, llamas, pigs, domestic cats, wild carnivores (foxes, coyotes) and omnivores (possums, mustelids and rodents); it rarely affects equids or sheep. The disease can be transmitted in several ways; for example, it can be spread in exhaled air, sputum, urine, faeces and pus, so the disease can be transmitted by direct contact, contact with the excreta of an infected animal, or inhalation of aerosols, depending on the species involved.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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